华东理工大学2005年考博英语真题和答案
广大考博生们在复习过程中，往往无从下手，各学校研究生院的历年考博专业课真题无疑是复习中最重要的参考，博士招生信息网（www.boshivip.cn）整理了华东理工大学2005年考博英语真题给大家，希望考博生们在博士考试中取得好成绩。
II. Vocabulary:10%
21. Mr. Bridges mentioned briefly several other subjects in the course of his
talk but mostly kept himself to the main topic
A. touched off B. touched down
C. touched on D. touched up
22. Ted got a better job and left the school before Mrs. Wolcox had him
expelled.
A. disgraced B. degraded
C. executed D. ejected
23. Realizing that many readers find long descriptive passages uninteresting,
Bruce began his story with an exciting conflict.
A. melancholy B. tedious
C. incredible D. offensive
24. One of Nike's founders, Phillip Hampson Knight had been a top athlete when
he was at the University of Oregon and he moved on to become a student at
Stanford Business School, but retained his interest in sport.
A. remained B. preserved
C. continued D. restrained
25. A haphazard knowledge of several styles of a language may be worse than
useless if we do not know the type of occasion on which each is appropriate or
if we do not know when we are sliding from one of another.
A. causal B. disorganized
C. systematic D. unplanned
26. I contend, quite bluntly, that marking up a book is not an act of mutilation
but of love.
A. respectation B. possession
C. dominance D. destruction
27. Recent border confrontations between the two countries lead credence to the
rumors of an impending war.
A. conflicts B. consequences
C. conferences D. enterprises
28. You may make good grades by studying only before examinations, but you will
succeed eventually only by studying hard every day.
A. in due course B. in the long run
C. in the main D. in the first place
29. Gaining acknowledgement from fellow workers and managers gives a person a
sense of importance in society.
A. admittance B. permission
C. recognition D. denial
30. You should be relieving me of duty at 10:30, but don't hurry if it's
inconvenient; I'll hang on till you arrive.
A. turn on B. look over
C. keep on D. take over
31. Before sitting for the entrance examination for post-graduate students, many
candidates try to familiarize themselves with the formula of the exam by doing
_____ tests.
A. imitated B. simulated C. stimulated D. illustrated
32. Mary and John took a long time in saying good night in order to postpone the
___ of parting.
A. jealousy B. relief
C. anguish D. appreciation
33. James is very set in his ways, but Mark has a more ___ attitude to life.
A. tolerant B. flexible
C. cautious D. defensive
34. He was so mean that he couldn't bear to ___ the smallest sum of money
for the charity appeal.
A. let out B. pay up
C. give in D. part with
35. Some one has said that a man's history begins about one hundred and fifty
years before his birth, or words ___ .
A. in any case B. to that effect
C. in a sense D. to the contrary
36. It is reported that a conference on world communications and transportation
will be ___ by the British government next month.
A. subscribed to B. given out
C. presided over D. put on
37. Mario was awarded the medal for 'displaying professional ___ of the highest
order in the rescue attempts two weeks ago.
A. solution B. supervision
C. intelligence D. competence
38. The birchbark canoe is not as ___ as it appears; it is built to withstand
long journeys over rough waters.
A. solid B. fragile
C. tough D. sturdy
39. Coach Green allowed John to join the basketball team although, ___, he was
not tall enough.
A. economically B. technically
C. methodically D. intellectually
40. Mrs Smith thought her children went to the movies; ___ , they went to the
zoo.
A. in general B. or rather
C. on the contrary D. so to speak
III. Reading Comprehension:
1
Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later
he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic.
And that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In
the 1960sa new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great
practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to
revolutionize the art and science of surgery.
The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over
the world, for a very large number of different complaints. The word laser
means: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Light. As we all know,
light is hot; any source of light---from the sun itself down to a humble match
burning---will give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area.
The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light
with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes
intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.
Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy
sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells. It
is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without
harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through the
eyeball. No knives, no stitches （刀口缝合）， no unwanted damage--a true surgical
wonder.
Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of
recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more
difficult operations can now be tried.
The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it
clear that the future is likely to be very exciting. Perhaps some cancers will
be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more
effective. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to
light on the diseases which can be treated medically.
41.Up until the 1960s the instruments used to perform surgical operations
were ___ .
A. fashionable B. extraordinary C. special D. basic
42.After the development of the laser in the 1960s, we find that ___ .
A. medical help became available for industrial workers.
B. the study of art went through a complete revolution.
C. more and more surgeons began using surgical instruments.
D. man's whole approach to surgery changed completely
43.The laser beam is so strong because ___ .
A. it is composed of a concentrated beam of light
B. its heat is increased by the heat of the sun
C. it can be plugged into an ordinary light fitting
D. it sends out heat in many different directions
44.Surgeons can now carry out operations which ___ .
A. can be performed successfully only on the human eye
B. result in long periods of recovery time for patients
C. are made much more complicated by using the laser beam
D. result in very little damage to the patients themselves
45.The rapid development of laser techniques has meant that ___ .
A. in another ten years we shall be able to cure cancer
B. surgery is likely to improve considerably
C. we shall be able to treat all the diseases we suffer from
D. we are now able to treat most forms of cancer
2
In 1885 Owen Wister （1850-1938） recorded that “it won't be a century before the
West is simply the true America, with thought, type, and life of its own” and he
wanted “to be the hand that once, for all, chronicled and laid bare the virtues
and the vices of this extraordinary phase of American social progress.” He never
became that self-envisioned Tolstoi of the old West, but in 1902 The Virginian
was published. It won instant success and skyrocketed its author to fame. It is
still the most popular “Western” novel ever published and the master design for
the fiction of the Wild West.
The Virginian established a literary form, a formula popularly known as “horse
opera”, whose conventions, cliches, and values have reappeared in novels and
short stories, in movies and television serials, ever since. The romantic cowboy
is the hero and gentleman, one of those “good men in the humbler walks of life”,
who seems through shams, defends justice and a lady's honor, shoots it out with
the villain and conquers evil. Because of the Virginian, Wister created a
character who is the original type for the Western folk hero. He represents the
embodiment of certain American ideals --- a man who is equal to all occasions,
who shows independence of action, a man who keeps his word who is “a broad-guage
fellow living among narrow-guage folk”. But the literary device and cowboy code
which Wister established dictated that the hero must kill the bad man. This
necessity for sanctioning murder and romanticizing of the cowboy as a gentleman
prohibited. The Virginian and the genre it created from becoming serious
fiction, or even an authentic product of the western experience. Instead of
achieving his ambition, therefore, Wister gave us a sort of American folk epic,
the cowboy story.
46.Owen Wister believed ___ .
A. the way of life in the West in 1885 was a passing phase
b. the cowboy in 1885 symbolized the typical American male.
C. the West would be always isolated from the rest of the country by
its moral code.
D. none of these.
47.The reference to Wister as a self-envisioned Tolstoi implies that ___ .
A. The Virginian is as great a novel as War and Peace
B. Wister underestimated himself as an author
C. Wister wanted to be a writer of light novels
D. as Tolstoi had laid bare the virtues and vices of Russian society, so
Wister would do for the society of the American West.
48.Stylistically, The Virginian is noted for the fact that it ___ .
A. was written according to a pre-established formula.
B. established the formula known as “horse opera”.
C. followed the literary conventions of the day.
D. abandoned American conventions in favor of foreign ones.
49. The popularity which was accorded The Virginian indicates that
Wister ___ .
A. realized his stated ambition
B. gave us an authentic account of the western experience
C. became the American Tolstoi
D. had written an account of the cowboy which appealed to American
aspirations
50.The author of the article believes that ___ .
A. The Virginian did not deserve the success it won
B. Wister made a definite contribution to American literature
C. Wister was a hack
B. cowboy stories should be considered serious fiction
3
Death comes quickly in the mountains. Each winter holiday makers are caught
unawares as they happily ski away from the fixed runs, little realizing that a
small avalanche can send them crashing in a bone-breaking fall down the slope
and leave them buried under tons of crisp white snow. There are lots of theories
about how to avoid disaster when hit by an avalanche. Practice is normally less
cheerful.
The snow in the Salzburg of Austria where a recent disaster took place was
typical avalanche material. For several days before the incident I had skied
locally. Early winter snow was wearing thin and covered with ice. On top of that
new, warmer flakes were gently falling to produce a dangerous carpet. To the
skier who enjoys unmarked slopes it is tempting stuff, deep new power snow on a
hard base---the skiing that dreams are made of. And sometimes nightmares.
Snow falls in sections like a cake. Different sections have different densities
because of the temperatures at the time of the fall and in the weeks afterwards.
Problems come when any particular section is too thick and not sticking to the
section beneath. The snow of the past few weeks had been falling in rather
higher temperatures than those of December and early January. The result of
these conditions is that even a slight increase in the temperatures sends a thin
stream of water between the new snow and the old. Then the new snow simply
slides off the mountain.
Such slides are not unexpected. Local citizens know the slopes which tend to
avalanche and the weather in which such slides are likely. Traps are set to
catch the snow or prevent it slipping; bombs are placed and exploded from time
to time to set off small avalanches before a big one has time to build up; and
above all, skiers are warned not to ski in danger areas.
In spite of this, avalanches happen in unexpected areas and, of course, skier
ignore the warnings. The one comfort to recreational skiers, however, is that
avalanche incidents on the marked ski slopes are quite rare. No ski resort wants
the image of being a death trap.
51.Each winter holiday makers in the mountains come face to face with
death because ___ .
A. they fail to realize how dangerous avalanches can be
B. they are not expert enough at skiing on the fixed runs
C. they are trying to avoid areas where avalanches happen
D. they ski great distances down the mountainsides
52. According to the writer, skiing conditions in the Salzburg area of Austria
before the accident happened were ___ .
A. perfect for the inexperienced skier
B. unsafe because the new snow was covered with ice
C. typical of conditions resulting in avalanches
D. suitable only for skiing locally
53. It would appear from the text that avalanches are brought about
because ___ .
A. a particular section of snow is not thick enough
B. there is a slight fall in the temperature
C. heavy snowfalls turn into rain
D. the ice between different sections of snow melts
54. In areas where avalanches are known to happen ___ .
A. local residents stay indoors when the weather is bad
B. measures are taken to prevent serious avalanches
C. small avalanches can easily be prevented
D. skiers form themselves into a wall to keep the snow in position
55.Although accidents do happen, skiers will be reasonably safe if ___ .
A. they stay on the officially approved slopes
B. they ski only for pleasure
C. they ski only at resorts
D. they choose less crowded ski slopes
4
The English, as a race, are very different from all other nationalities,
including their closest neighbors, the French, Belgians and Dutch. It is claimed
that living on an island separated from the rest of Europe has much to do with
it. Whatever the reasons, it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has
developed many attitudes and habits which distinguish him from other
nationalities.
Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, reserved person who is fully
relaxed only among people he knows well. In the presence of strangers or
foreigner she often seems inhibited, even embarrassed. You have only to witness
a city train any morning or evening to see the truth of this. Serious-looking
businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or having a light sleep in a
corner; no one speaks. In fact, to do so would seem most unusual. An Englishman,
pretending to be giving advice to overseas visitors, once suggested, “On
entering a railway carriage shake hands with all the passengers.” Needless to
say, he was not being serious. There is an unwritten but clearly understood code
of behavior which, if broken, makes the person immediately suspect.
In many parts of the world it is quite normal to show openly extremes of
enthusiasm, emotion, excitement, etc., often accompanied by appropriate
gestures. The Englishman is somewhat different. Of course, an Englishman feels
no less deeply than any other nationality, but he tends to display his feelings
far less. This is reflected in his use of language. Imagine a man commenting on
the great beauty of a young Girl. Whereas a more emotional man might describe
her as “an excellent jewel”, “extremely beautiful”, “precious”, the Englishman
will flatly state “Um, she's all right”. An Englishman who has seen a highly
successful and enjoyable film recommends it to a friend by commenting, “It's not
bad, you know,” or on seeing very unusual scenery he might convey his pleasure
by saying, “Nice, yes, very nice.” The overseas visitor must not be disappointed
by this apparent lack of interest and involvement; he must realize that “all
right”, “not bad”, and “nice”, very often have the sense of “first-class”,
“excellent”, “beautiful”. This special use of language, particularly common in
England, is known as restrained statement.
56. From the passage people can infer that the English are different from
other nationalities mainly in ___ .
A. taste B. character
C. the principle of behavior D. all aspects
57.If one doesn't want to be suspected in public, he had better
A. behave relaxed ___ .
B. shake hands with all people he meets
C. talk with others D. keep quiet
58.The word “inhibited” most nearly means ___ .
A. friendly B. polite C. afraid D. restrained
59. According to the passage, the Englishman ___ .
A. has less feelings than other nationalities
B. has emotions as deep as any other nationalities
C. expresses emotion by use of his language
D. likes to have a joke with foreign visitors
60.An Englishman's saying “all right” usually has the sense of ___ .
A. “not bad” B. “quite right”
C. “fairly good” D. “very good”
IV. Translation 10%
Directions: Translate the following part into Chinese.
Historically, Jeep's reputation as a go-anywhere vehicle dates back to the
Second World War when the original Jeeps, supplied by the Willys company,
carried Allied forces through the Pacific and Europe.
The Macquarie Dictionary of Motoring says the mane Jeep stemmed from the
United States Army's decision to call the vehicle GP, for General Purpose
vehicle. The name was eventually corrupted to “jeep,” from the pronunciation of
the letters GP, and became a trademark owned by the Willy company.
Jeep became part of Chrysler in 1988 and the company has since spent a lot of
money to revitalize the Jeep production facilities, and to increase the number
and style of models available. Chrysler says the Jeep's wartime reputation and
rugged image undoubtedly helped it to carve out a new role in peacetime as a
recreational vehicle. It says the Jeep created the original market for
recreational, off-road vehicles using the powerful four-wheel drive traction
（known commercially as 4 WD） for which the army jeep was famous.
V. Writing 20%
Directions: For this part , you are required to write a composition of about 200
words on the topic How To Solve The Energy Problem. You must base your
composition on the following outline: （Write your composition on the Answer
Sheet）
1.Energy is one of the biggest problems most concerned by the people.
2.One of the solution to the problem is severe conservation of natural
resources.
3.The best way to solve the problem is develop new sources of energy.
chow Part III Error Identification（5%）
Directions: There are four underlined words or parts marked A, B, C and D in
each of the following entences.
Choose the one that you think incorrect, and write the corresponding letter on
Answer SheetⅠ。
51. Using the new digital tools available makes this process more easier since
the data can be transferred
A B C D
directly to the computer.
52. One of the most common and serious problems facing by the aged is that of
making ends meet from one
A B C
day to the next.
D
53. If the number of smoking keep on rising, by the second or third decade of
the next century there could be
A B C
10 million deaths each year from smoking-related illness.
D
54. The temperature in the coastal city this summer hit a record high for the
year, peaked at a scorching 37.1
A B C D
degree centigrade.
55. It is important that students will know how to deal with multi-sense words
in English.
A B C D
1
countryside to city as is
A B C D
happening now.
57. She as well as the other students have learned how to install this electric
equipment.
A B C D
58. Manufacturing companies spend millions of pounds trying to convince
customers that their products are
A B C
superior than those of other companies.
D
59. It was not until the end of Second World War when petroleum and natural gas
liquids took the lead as
A B C
number one fuel.
D
60. Were it not for her lack of experience she will be the ideal person for the
job.
A B C D
Key
I. listening Comprehension
1. library 2. books 3. demagnetized 4. embarrassed 5. interesting
6. Eight. 7. Stress and worry. 8. Sleeping poorly. 9. its solutions. 10. take
sleeping pills.
11-13 DAB 14-16 BCD 17-20 BACA
II. Vocabulary
21- 30 CDBCB DADCC 31-40 BCBDB CDBBC
III. Reading Comprehension
41-45 DDADB 46-50 DDBDB 51-55 ACDBA 56-60 BDDBD
IV. Translation
在历史上，吉普车以其能适应各种路况的出众性能而着称于世。这种美名可以追溯到二战期间，当时由威利斯公司提供的最初型号的吉普车载着盟军部队驰骋于太平洋沿岸及欧洲战场。
《麦氏汽车驾驶大全》一书认为，“吉普”这个名字起源于美国军队决定把这种车辆叫做GP（for General
Purpose）即多功能车之意。而后，GP这两个字母的读音被误发成为“吉普”,并成为威利斯公司享有的商标名称。
1988年吉普为克莱斯勒公司所有，此后该公司投入了大量资金更新改造吉普车的生产设备，提高吉普车的产量并开发各种新车型应市。克莱斯勒公司称吉普车在战争年代享有的盛名以及其坚固耐用的形象无疑会有助于它在和平时期树立其作为休闲娱乐车的新形象。该公司说，吉普为休闲，越野车开发了新市场，它有强劲的4轮牵引装置（商业上称为4轮驱动），过去军用吉普车曾因此而享誉四方。
V. Writing
How To Solve The Energy Problems
Energy is one of the biggest problems people are faced with today. Not a few
far-sighted people point out that our natural resources are very much limited.
If we keep consuming our resources at the present rate, they warn, the world
will soon be running out of oil, coal and metals and this will certainly lead to
a serious energy crisis threatening mankind's survival.
The majority of the world's people have responded with a clamor for more severe
conservation of our natural resources. This is urgently necessary, indeed. It
must be realized that much of our energy, in the form of oil, coal, gas, or
electricity, has been wantonly consumed. If things go on like this, we will
leave for our descendants a devastated world, a vast stretch of wasteland. So,
from now on, we will have to make serious efforts to practise economy in using
energy and cut down waste of any form so as to slow down the present drain on
our limited resources.
But conservation alone is not all the answer. The best way to solve the energy
problem is, I think, to develop new sources of energy. It is obvious that, even
if we save much energy by using it carefully, our natural resources, however
abundant, will run out ultimately. And when they are unexplored areas seems to
be the only way out of our predicament.
II. Vocabulary:10%
21. Mr. Bridges mentioned briefly several other subjects in the course of his
talk but mostly kept himself to the main topic
A. touched off B. touched down
C. touched on D. touched up
22. Ted got a better job and left the school before Mrs. Wolcox had him
expelled.
A. disgraced B. degraded
C. executed D. ejected
23. Realizing that many readers find long descriptive passages uninteresting,
Bruce began his story with an exciting conflict.
A. melancholy B. tedious
C. incredible D. offensive
24. One of Nike's founders, Phillip Hampson Knight had been a top athlete when
he was at the University of Oregon and he moved on to become a student at
Stanford Business School, but retained his interest in sport.
A. remained B. preserved
C. continued D. restrained
25. A haphazard knowledge of several styles of a language may be worse than
useless if we do not know the type of occasion on which each is appropriate or
if we do not know when we are sliding from one of another.
A. causal B. disorganized
C. systematic D. unplanned
26. I contend, quite bluntly, that marking up a book is not an act of mutilation
but of love.
A. respectation B. possession
C. dominance D. destruction
27. Recent border confrontations between the two countries lead credence to the
rumors of an impending war.
A. conflicts B. consequences
C. conferences D. enterprises
28. You may make good grades by studying only before examinations, but you will
succeed eventually only by studying hard every day.
A. in due course B. in the long run
C. in the main D. in the first place
29. Gaining acknowledgement from fellow workers and managers gives a person a
sense of importance in society.
A. admittance B. permission
C. recognition D. denial
30. You should be relieving me of duty at 10:30, but don't hurry if it's
inconvenient; I'll hang on till you arrive.
A. turn on B. look over
C. keep on D. take over
31. Before sitting for the entrance examination for post-graduate students, many
candidates try to familiarize themselves with the formula of the exam by doing
_____ tests.
A. imitated B. simulated C. stimulated D. illustrated
32. Mary and John took a long time in saying good night in order to postpone the
___ of parting.
A. jealousy B. relief
C. anguish D. appreciation
33. James is very set in his ways, but Mark has a more ___ attitude to life.
A. tolerant B. flexible
C. cautious D. defensive
34. He was so mean that he couldn't bear to ___ the smallest sum of money
for the charity appeal.
A. let out B. pay up
C. give in D. part with
35. Some one has said that a man's history begins about one hundred and fifty
years before his birth, or words ___ .
A. in any case B. to that effect
C. in a sense D. to the contrary
36. It is reported that a conference on world communications and transportation
will be ___ by the British government next month.
A. subscribed to B. given out
C. presided over D. put on
37. Mario was awarded the medal for 'displaying professional ___ of the highest
order in the rescue attempts two weeks ago.
A. solution B. supervision
C. intelligence D. competence
38. The birchbark canoe is not as ___ as it appears; it is built to withstand
long journeys over rough waters.
A. solid B. fragile
C. tough D. sturdy
39. Coach Green allowed John to join the basketball team although, ___, he was
not tall enough.
A. economically B. technically
C. methodically D. intellectually
40. Mrs Smith thought her children went to the movies; ___ , they went to the
zoo.
A. in general B. or rather
C. on the contrary D. so to speak
III. Reading Comprehension:
1
Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later
he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic.
And that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In
the 1960sa new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great
practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to
revolutionize the art and science of surgery.
The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over
the world, for a very large number of different complaints. The word laser
means: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Light. As we all know,
light is hot; any source of light---from the sun itself down to a humble match
burning---will give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area.
The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light
with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes
intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.
Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy
sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells. It
is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without
harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through the
eyeball. No knives, no stitches （刀口缝合）， no unwanted damage--a true surgical
wonder.
Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of
recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more
difficult operations can now be tried.
The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it
clear that the future is likely to be very exciting. Perhaps some cancers will
be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more
effective. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to
light on the diseases which can be treated medically.
41.Up until the 1960s the instruments used to perform surgical operations
were ___ .
A. fashionable B. extraordinary C. special D. basic
42.After the development of the laser in the 1960s, we find that ___ .
A. medical help became available for industrial workers.
B. the study of art went through a complete revolution.
C. more and more surgeons began using surgical instruments.
D. man's whole approach to surgery changed completely
43.The laser beam is so strong because ___ .
A. it is composed of a concentrated beam of light
B. its heat is increased by the heat of the sun
C. it can be plugged into an ordinary light fitting
D. it sends out heat in many different directions
44.Surgeons can now carry out operations which ___ .
A. can be performed successfully only on the human eye
B. result in long periods of recovery time for patients
C. are made much more complicated by using the laser beam
D. result in very little damage to the patients themselves
45.The rapid development of laser techniques has meant that ___ .
A. in another ten years we shall be able to cure cancer
B. surgery is likely to improve considerably
C. we shall be able to treat all the diseases we suffer from
D. we are now able to treat most forms of cancer
2
In 1885 Owen Wister （1850-1938） recorded that “it won't be a century before the
West is simply the true America, with thought, type, and life of its own” and he
wanted “to be the hand that once, for all, chronicled and laid bare the virtues
and the vices of this extraordinary phase of American social progress.” He never
became that self-envisioned Tolstoi of the old West, but in 1902 The Virginian
was published. It won instant success and skyrocketed its author to fame. It is
still the most popular “Western” novel ever published and the master design for
the fiction of the Wild West.
The Virginian established a literary form, a formula popularly known as “horse
opera”, whose conventions, cliches, and values have reappeared in novels and
short stories, in movies and television serials, ever since. The romantic cowboy
is the hero and gentleman, one of those “good men in the humbler walks of life”,
who seems through shams, defends justice and a lady's honor, shoots it out with
the villain and conquers evil. Because of the Virginian, Wister created a
character who is the original type for the Western folk hero. He represents the
embodiment of certain American ideals --- a man who is equal to all occasions,
who shows independence of action, a man who keeps his word who is “a broad-guage
fellow living among narrow-guage folk”. But the literary device and cowboy code
which Wister established dictated that the hero must kill the bad man. This
necessity for sanctioning murder and romanticizing of the cowboy as a gentleman
prohibited. The Virginian and the genre it created from becoming serious
fiction, or even an authentic product of the western experience. Instead of
achieving his ambition, therefore, Wister gave us a sort of American folk epic,
the cowboy story.
46.Owen Wister believed ___ .
A. the way of life in the West in 1885 was a passing phase
b. the cowboy in 1885 symbolized the typical American male.
C. the West would be always isolated from the rest of the country by
its moral code.
D. none of these.
47.The reference to Wister as a self-envisioned Tolstoi implies that ___ .
A. The Virginian is as great a novel as War and Peace
B. Wister underestimated himself as an author
C. Wister wanted to be a writer of light novels
D. as Tolstoi had laid bare the virtues and vices of Russian society, so
Wister would do for the society of the American West.
48.Stylistically, The Virginian is noted for the fact that it ___ .
A. was written according to a pre-established formula.
B. established the formula known as “horse opera”.
C. followed the literary conventions of the day.
D. abandoned American conventions in favor of foreign ones.
49. The popularity which was accorded The Virginian indicates that
Wister ___ .
A. realized his stated ambition
B. gave us an authentic account of the western experience
C. became the American Tolstoi
D. had written an account of the cowboy which appealed to American
aspirations
50.The author of the article believes that ___ .
A. The Virginian did not deserve the success it won
B. Wister made a definite contribution to American literature
C. Wister was a hack
B. cowboy stories should be considered serious fiction
3
Death comes quickly in the mountains. Each winter holiday makers are caught
unawares as they happily ski away from the fixed runs, little realizing that a
small avalanche can send them crashing in a bone-breaking fall down the slope
and leave them buried under tons of crisp white snow. There are lots of theories
about how to avoid disaster when hit by an avalanche. Practice is normally less
cheerful.
The snow in the Salzburg of Austria where a recent disaster took place was
typical avalanche material. For several days before the incident I had skied
locally. Early winter snow was wearing thin and covered with ice. On top of that
new, warmer flakes were gently falling to produce a dangerous carpet. To the
skier who enjoys unmarked slopes it is tempting stuff, deep new power snow on a
hard base---the skiing that dreams are made of. And sometimes nightmares.
Snow falls in sections like a cake. Different sections have different densities
because of the temperatures at the time of the fall and in the weeks afterwards.
Problems come when any particular section is too thick and not sticking to the
section beneath. The snow of the past few weeks had been falling in rather
higher temperatures than those of December and early January. The result of
these conditions is that even a slight increase in the temperatures sends a thin
stream of water between the new snow and the old. Then the new snow simply
slides off the mountain.
Such slides are not unexpected. Local citizens know the slopes which tend to
avalanche and the weather in which such slides are likely. Traps are set to
catch the snow or prevent it slipping; bombs are placed and exploded from time
to time to set off small avalanches before a big one has time to build up; and
above all, skiers are warned not to ski in danger areas.
In spite of this, avalanches happen in unexpected areas and, of course, skier
ignore the warnings. The one comfort to recreational skiers, however, is that
avalanche incidents on the marked ski slopes are quite rare. No ski resort wants
the image of being a death trap.
51.Each winter holiday makers in the mountains come face to face with
death because ___ .
A. they fail to realize how dangerous avalanches can be
B. they are not expert enough at skiing on the fixed runs
C. they are trying to avoid areas where avalanches happen
D. they ski great distances down the mountainsides
52. According to the writer, skiing conditions in the Salzburg area of Austria
before the accident happened were ___ .
A. perfect for the inexperienced skier
B. unsafe because the new snow was covered with ice
C. typical of conditions resulting in avalanches
D. suitable only for skiing locally
53. It would appear from the text that avalanches are brought about
because ___ .
A. a particular section of snow is not thick enough
B. there is a slight fall in the temperature
C. heavy snowfalls turn into rain
D. the ice between different sections of snow melts
54. In areas where avalanches are known to happen ___ .
A. local residents stay indoors when the weather is bad
B. measures are taken to prevent serious avalanches
C. small avalanches can easily be prevented
D. skiers form themselves into a wall to keep the snow in position
55.Although accidents do happen, skiers will be reasonably safe if ___ .
A. they stay on the officially approved slopes
B. they ski only for pleasure
C. they ski only at resorts
D. they choose less crowded ski slopes
4
The English, as a race, are very different from all other nationalities,
including their closest neighbors, the French, Belgians and Dutch. It is claimed
that living on an island separated from the rest of Europe has much to do with
it. Whatever the reasons, it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has
developed many attitudes and habits which distinguish him from other
nationalities.
Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, reserved person who is fully
relaxed only among people he knows well. In the presence of strangers or
foreigner she often seems inhibited, even embarrassed. You have only to witness
a city train any morning or evening to see the truth of this. Serious-looking
businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or having a light sleep in a
corner; no one speaks. In fact, to do so would seem most unusual. An Englishman,
pretending to be giving advice to overseas visitors, once suggested, “On
entering a railway carriage shake hands with all the passengers.” Needless to
say, he was not being serious. There is an unwritten but clearly understood code
of behavior which, if broken, makes the person immediately suspect.
In many parts of the world it is quite normal to show openly extremes of
enthusiasm, emotion, excitement, etc., often accompanied by appropriate
gestures. The Englishman is somewhat different. Of course, an Englishman feels
no less deeply than any other nationality, but he tends to display his feelings
far less. This is reflected in his use of language. Imagine a man commenting on
the great beauty of a young Girl. Whereas a more emotional man might describe
her as “an excellent jewel”, “extremely beautiful”, “precious”, the Englishman
will flatly state “Um, she's all right”. An Englishman who has seen a highly
successful and enjoyable film recommends it to a friend by commenting, “It's not
bad, you know,” or on seeing very unusual scenery he might convey his pleasure
by saying, “Nice, yes, very nice.” The overseas visitor must not be disappointed
by this apparent lack of interest and involvement; he must realize that “all
right”, “not bad”, and “nice”, very often have the sense of “first-class”,
“excellent”, “beautiful”. This special use of language, particularly common in
England, is known as restrained statement.
56. From the passage people can infer that the English are different from
other nationalities mainly in ___ .
A. taste B. character
C. the principle of behavior D. all aspects
57.If one doesn't want to be suspected in public, he had better
A. behave relaxed ___ .
B. shake hands with all people he meets
C. talk with others D. keep quiet
58.The word “inhibited” most nearly means ___ .
A. friendly B. polite C. afraid D. restrained
59. According to the passage, the Englishman ___ .
A. has less feelings than other nationalities
B. has emotions as deep as any other nationalities
C. expresses emotion by use of his language
D. likes to have a joke with foreign visitors
60.An Englishman's saying “all right” usually has the sense of ___ .
A. “not bad” B. “quite right”
C. “fairly good” D. “very good”
IV. Translation 10%
Directions: Translate the following part into Chinese.
Historically, Jeep's reputation as a go-anywhere vehicle dates back to the
Second World War when the original Jeeps, supplied by the Willys company,
carried Allied forces through the Pacific and Europe.
The Macquarie Dictionary of Motoring says the mane Jeep stemmed from the
United States Army's decision to call the vehicle GP, for General Purpose
vehicle. The name was eventually corrupted to “jeep,” from the pronunciation of
the letters GP, and became a trademark owned by the Willy company.
Jeep became part of Chrysler in 1988 and the company has since spent a lot of
money to revitalize the Jeep production facilities, and to increase the number
and style of models available. Chrysler says the Jeep's wartime reputation and
rugged image undoubtedly helped it to carve out a new role in peacetime as a
recreational vehicle. It says the Jeep created the original market for
recreational, off-road vehicles using the powerful four-wheel drive traction
（known commercially as 4 WD） for which the army jeep was famous.
V. Writing 20%
Directions: For this part , you are required to write a composition of about 200
words on the topic How To Solve The Energy Problem. You must base your
composition on the following outline: （Write your composition on the Answer
Sheet）
1.Energy is one of the biggest problems most concerned by the people.
2.One of the solution to the problem is severe conservation of natural
resources.
3.The best way to solve the problem is develop new sources of energy.
chow Part III Error Identification（5%）
Directions: There are four underlined words or parts marked A, B, C and D in
each of the following entences.
Choose the one that you think incorrect, and write the corresponding letter on
Answer SheetⅠ。
51. Using the new digital tools available makes this process more easier since
the data can be transferred
A B C D
directly to the computer.
52. One of the most common and serious problems facing by the aged is that of
making ends meet from one
A B C
day to the next.
D
53. If the number of smoking keep on rising, by the second or third decade of
the next century there could be
A B C
10 million deaths each year from smoking-related illness.
D
54. The temperature in the coastal city this summer hit a record high for the
year, peaked at a scorching 37.1
A B C D
degree centigrade.
55. It is important that students will know how to deal with multi-sense words
in English.
A B C D
1
countryside to city as is
A B C D
happening now.
57. She as well as the other students have learned how to install this electric
equipment.
A B C D
58. Manufacturing companies spend millions of pounds trying to convince
customers that their products are
A B C
superior than those of other companies.
D
59. It was not until the end of Second World War when petroleum and natural gas
liquids took the lead as
A B C
number one fuel.
D
60. Were it not for her lack of experience she will be the ideal person for the
job.
A B C D
Key
I. listening Comprehension
1. library 2. books 3. demagnetized 4. embarrassed 5. interesting
6. Eight. 7. Stress and worry. 8. Sleeping poorly. 9. its solutions. 10. take
sleeping pills.
11-13 DAB 14-16 BCD 17-20 BACA
II. Vocabulary
21- 30 CDBCB DADCC 31-40 BCBDB CDBBC
III. Reading Comprehension
41-45 DDADB 46-50 DDBDB 51-55 ACDBA 56-60 BDDBD
IV. Translation
在历史上，吉普车以其能适应各种路况的出众性能而着称于世。这种美名可以追溯到二战期间，当时由威利斯公司提供的最初型号的吉普车载着盟军部队驰骋于太平洋沿岸及欧洲战场。
《麦氏汽车驾驶大全》一书认为，“吉普”这个名字起源于美国军队决定把这种车辆叫做GP（for General
Purpose）即多功能车之意。而后，GP这两个字母的读音被误发成为“吉普”,并成为威利斯公司享有的商标名称。
1988年吉普为克莱斯勒公司所有，此后该公司投入了大量资金更新改造吉普车的生产设备，提高吉普车的产量并开发各种新车型应市。克莱斯勒公司称吉普车在战争年代享有的盛名以及其坚固耐用的形象无疑会有助于它在和平时期树立其作为休闲娱乐车的新形象。该公司说，吉普为休闲，越野车开发了新市场，它有强劲的4轮牵引装置（商业上称为4轮驱动），过去军用吉普车曾因此而享誉四方。
V. Writing
How To Solve The Energy Problems
Energy is one of the biggest problems people are faced with today. Not a few
far-sighted people point out that our natural resources are very much limited.
If we keep consuming our resources at the present rate, they warn, the world
will soon be running out of oil, coal and metals and this will certainly lead to
a serious energy crisis threatening mankind's survival.
The majority of the world's people have responded with a clamor for more severe
conservation of our natural resources. This is urgently necessary, indeed. It
must be realized that much of our energy, in the form of oil, coal, gas, or
electricity, has been wantonly consumed. If things go on like this, we will
leave for our descendants a devastated world, a vast stretch of wasteland. So,
from now on, we will have to make serious efforts to practise economy in using
energy and cut down waste of any form so as to slow down the present drain on
our limited resources.
But conservation alone is not all the answer. The best way to solve the energy
problem is, I think, to develop new sources of energy. It is obvious that, even
if we save much energy by using it carefully, our natural resources, however
abundant, will run out ultimately. And when they are unexplored areas seems to
be the only way out of our predicament.
声明：本站部分图片、文章来源于网络，版权归原作者所有，如有侵权，请与我们联系，会第一时间删除。
最热资讯
- 2024年非全日制双证工程博士招生
2024年上半年工程博士招生院校汇总，以下是部分院校，招生方...... - 【在职博士】北京航空航天大学招收申
【在职博士】北京航空航天大学招收申请考核制非全日制工程博士研...... - 马来西亚林肯大学学院硕博留学简章
马来西亚林肯大学学院硕博留学2024年QS亚洲大学排名199...... - ·电子科技大学2025年博士研究生招生简
- ·2025年西安电子科技大学专业学位(工程
- ·西南交通大学2025年博士研究生招生章程
- ·2025年武汉大学招收攻读博士学位研究
- ·兰州财经大学2025年博士研究生招生章程
- ·2025年复旦大学招收攻读博士学位研究生
- ·中国人民大学和加拿大女王大学合办金融硕士
- ·中国社会科学院大学和新加坡社科大学DBA
